Antioxidant Response and Selective Cytotoxicity of Methanolic Ganoderma lucidum Extract in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Compared to HDFn Fibroblasts

Abstract

Ammoniacal nitrogen is a pervasive aquatic contaminant that threatens aquatic life, compromises disinfection, and drives Ganoderma lucidum also a focus area in biomedical research because extracts contain various biologically active compounds belonging to several classes especially, polysaccharides, triterpenoids, sterols, and phenolic constituents. In the current study, a methanolic extract of G. lucidum was evaluated using three combined approaches of preliminary profiling (only by GC-MS), DPPH radical exposure responses, and cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells (relative viability to normal, HDF, fibroblasts), as detailed above. GC-MS application was only a preliminary, chemical screening tool, and all peaks were treated according to library match reliability and likelihood of signal from background). Extract © dip recipe yielded a rising antioxidant response commencing at a ≤ 20 µg/mL concentration, and >100 was a response noted as reaching 64.97±2.50% scavenging activity (compared to 3.48±0.02% of the negative DMSO control, but evaluation with ascorbic acid as standard yielded maximum 79.70±2.10% level for 200µg/mL concentrations). In the MTT assay, the extent to which G. lucidum extract lowered the viability of MCF-7 was markedly less than the relative viability lowering seen by HDFn actual viable response so yielded about a selectivity index of about 10.6, confirming preferential cytotoxicity toward the cancer. Extract showed moderate antioxidant activity, with promising selectivity for in vitro cytotoxicity as well, but fractionation, compound confirmation, and mechanical assays are still warranted before being assigned to particular components and/or used in therapy.